An ISA is a tax efficient way of saving. It is a scheme that was introduced by the government in 1999. There are two types of ISA that can be invested in; a Cash ISA and a Stocks and Shares ISA. These are designed for individual investors.
An ISA investment can be preferable to other forms of saving due to the tax benefits. Unlike other investments there is no capital gains tax so all gains go directly to the individual investor. Higher tax payers can also make savings in dividend incomes. Instead of paying 32.5% (higher tax rate) or 42.5% (additional tax rate) they only have to pay 10% on dividends. This doesn’t benefit those paying the basic rate of tax, though, as they have to pay the same 10% they do on dividends from non-ISA investments.
The above are benefits of both Cash ISA’s and Stocks and Shares ISA’s. There are many benefits that Stocks and Shares ISA’s have over Cash ISA’s though.
A Cash ISA depends on the interest rate and doesn’t have the potential gains of a Stocks and Shares ISA. Money paid into a Stocks and Shares ISA is invested on the stock market, meaning the potential for significantly higher gain. Gains can in some cases be three or four times more than interest on a Cash ISA.
You can invest in a number of different Stock and Shares ISA’s. You can open as many accounts as you like with a total investment of £10,680 a year across these. With a Stocks and Shares ISA you can invest more than with a Cash ISA. The maximum for Cash ISA’s is £5,340, half the limit of Stocks and Shares ISA’s. Investments can be split across the two types of ISA should investors choose.
Where a Stocks and Shares ISA is really beneficial is for long term investments. They will almost always out-perform a Cash ISA over a long period. It is not always easy to predict what will happen in the short term but over a longer period Stocks and Shares ISA’s will usual give investors more of a return.
The downside of a Stocks and Shares ISA is that there is some risk. Because it is based on stocks and shares it can go down as well as up. For this reason it is wise to spread investments, therefore spreading the risk. If you put everything towards one investment you could lose everything should it go wrong. If it is spread across different investment products then one of them falling in value is not as disastrous. However, although putting less into each investment limits the potential looses, it also limits the potential gains. It is important to get the balance right to limit the damage should one investment reduce in value while putting enough in each to benefit from any gains.
Stocks and Shares ISA’s don’t have the security and flexibility of Cash ISA’s but they do have potentially larger gains. There are some disadvantages to Stocks and Shares ISA’s but the benefits outweigh them and in most cases they will grow in value by more than Cash ISA’s.
Andrew Marshall (c)